There is a remarkable lesson in the Torah’s description of Vidui Maaser, the declaration made after a person has properly fulfilled his obligations concerning the tithes.
This may possibly be a source for understanding why, when we daven Shemoneh Esrei three times every day, the blessings are generally formulated in the plural. We do not simply ask for ourselves. We ask for all of Klal Yisrael.
The contrast between the two consecutive verses is striking.
In Devarim 26:14, the individual declares:
“I have not eaten of it while in mourning, I have not cleared out any of it while I was impure, and I have not given any of it to the dead. I have obeyed the voice of Hashem my Gd; I have done according to everything You commanded me.”
The entire declaration is personal.
I have not eaten.
I have not removed.
I have not given.
I have listened.
I have done everything You commanded me.
The individual stands before Hashem and accounts for his own actions. He does not speak about what his neighbor did, what his community did, or what somebody else failed to do. His obligations are his own.
But immediately afterward, in verse 15, when the time comes to ask Hashem for blessing, the language changes completely:
“Look down from Your holy abode, from heaven, and bless Your people Israel and the land that You have given us, as You swore to our fathers, a land flowing with milk and honey.”
After speaking entirely about himself, he does not ask Hashem to bless himself.
He does not say: I fulfilled Your commandments, therefore bless me.
He does not ask for his own wealth, his own crops, his own family, or his own success.
Instead, the Torah instructs him to ask:
“Bless Your people Israel.”
His declaration is individual, but his request is communal.
His responsibility is expressed as “I.”
His prayer for blessing is expressed as “we.”
Perhaps this provides an insight into the structure of Shemoneh Esrei.
A Jew stands individually before Hashem. Nobody can fulfill his personal obligations for him. His mitzvos are his mitzvos. His aveiros are his aveiros. His decisions and actions belong to him.
Yet when he begins asking Hashem for the necessities and blessings of life, Chazal formulated the central blessings in the plural:
Grant us knowledge.
Return us to Your Torah.
Forgive us.
Redeem us.
Heal us.
Bless us.
Gather us.
Hear our voice.
Grant peace upon us.
The Jew does not ordinarily stand before Hashem three times a day saying only: Give me wisdom. Forgive me. Heal me. Give me livelihood. Save me.
He includes himself within Klal Yisrael.
Certainly, a person who has a particular need may make an individual request in the appropriate place in Shemoneh Esrei. There is room for the personal cry of an individual before Hashem. But the fundamental structure of the daily Amidah remains communal.
This is exactly the pattern that can be seen in these two verses.
When accounting for what he has done, the person says:
I.
When asking Hashem for blessing, he says:
Israel. Us. Our fathers.
That may be one of the secrets of Jewish prayer.
Personal responsibility does not disappear into the community. A person must answer for himself and declare what he himself has done. But when he turns to Hashem and asks for blessing, he does not separate his destiny from the destiny of Klal Yisrael.
The individual acts as an individual.
The individual answers for himself.
But when he asks Hashem for the totality of blessing, he asks for all of Klal Yisrael together.

Posted in

Leave a comment