The suffering of Klal Yisroel in Mitzrayim is not to be understood as meaningless cruelty but as a divine process of refinement. Chazal teach that the Yidden were assimilating into Egyptian culture, dissolving the sanctity of their identity. Assimilation is spiritual devastation, and the exile with all its harshness was not arbitrary punishment but a purifying fire, preserving the nation from collapse.
Mitzrayim is described as a kur habarzel—a furnace for purification. Just as metal is refined only through intense heat, so the soul is refined only through hardship. History reveals the opposite through the example of Sedom. Its people lived in luxury, surrounded by ease and indulgence. Their comfort did not give birth to kindness but to cruelty. They outlawed chesed, turning compassion itself into a crime. When existence becomes too effortless, the neshama is endangered, dulled, and detached from Hashem.
R’ Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky zatzal explained that even before birth, the soul recoils from the danger of wealth. It beholds the faces of the rich, marked with hardness and entitlement, and pleads before the Creator: “Do not place me among them.” Wealth, though appealing in its comforts, can blind the heart and suffocate gratitude. It produces arrogance and the illusion of independence, leading man to imagine he controls his own destiny. Poverty, though bitter, often cultivates humility. And humility is the wellspring of hakaras hatov—the ability to thank Hashem and cling to Him with sincerity.
Wealth, by contrast, frequently distances man from Heaven. It creates entitlement, and entitlement creates estrangement. Even within the family, it can corrode intimacy. Children of affluence may find their parents generous in material gifts yet cold or absent in affection. When every relationship carries a price, when giving replaces warmth, true connection withers. Wealth, therefore, can generate not only arrogance but also emotional distance, breeding cold-heartedness across generations.
The test of wealth is therefore greater than the test of poverty. Poverty bends a man until he cries out to Heaven, while wealth lifts him until he forgets Heaven altogether. Hardship pushes one toward humility and dependency upon the Divine, while prosperity seduces one into self-sufficiency and pride. The Jew who suffers learns compassion; the man who prospers without restraint often grows hard and unfeeling.
From the dawn of history, the Jew has walked the road of suffering. This is not mere tragedy but divine design. Affliction humanizes, softens, and refines. The heart of the Jew—tender, compassionate, and humble—is the product of centuries of endurance. By contrast, nations that prospered without restraint often descended into barbarism. The Germans, blessed with immense prosperity and culture, sank into achzariyus, a cruelty beyond measure. Sedom, enriched and unchallenged, legislated wickedness. But Israel, tested in the furnace, retained its humanity.
Even the smallest examples reflect this truth. A man who suffers becomes capable of rachmanus, of compassion, while one untouched by pain easily grows arrogant. Hashem knows what He is doing: suffering molds character, while ease without limits corrodes it.
The patriarch Avraham embodies this mystery. Nearly one hundred years old, still childless though he personified chesed, he was commanded to abandon his land. When he reached Eretz Canaan, famine greeted him. Later, after passing the supreme test of the Akeidah, his reward was the death of his beloved Sarah. The ways of Hashem are hidden, yet they shape the soul with unfathomable wisdom.
The Jew, therefore, is like a soldier. A soldier does not question his commander but obeys, even at cost. Life itself, with breath, motion, and the opportunity to perform mitzvos, is a gift. To demand explanations or to protest the divine order is to presume superiority over Heaven. True simcha arises not from ease but from acceptance. Life’s very difficulties are the conditions that make joy possible.
Thus, Jewish history reveals the paradox of divine justice: suffering is not a contradiction to divine mercy but its deepest expression. In the furnace of affliction, the Jew is purified. Pain cultivates humility, humility begets gratitude, and gratitude binds man to Hashem. Comfort, wealth, and entitlement, when left unchecked, produce arrogance and cold-heartedness, severing man from his Source. Hashem governs His world with wisdom that defies human measure. To accept this with humility is not weakness but strength. It is through such acceptance that the suffering of Israel is transfigured into endurance, compassion, and eternal connection to the Creator.
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